Vital Rates (Life History Parameters)
of and E- pattern for the Gray Smoothhound, Mustelus californicus

Parameter	Female	Male	References
Largest specimens (Total length and mass)	1.632; 1.26 m TL;	1.16; 0.93 m TL	Miller and Lea 1972; Compagno 1984; Yudin and Cailliet 1990
Size range of specimens	0.235-1.259 mTL (n=31)	0.275-0.930 m TL (n=27)	Yudin and Cailliet 1990
Size at maturity	0.70 m TL	0.57-0.65 m TL	Yudin and Cailliet 1990
Smallest mature
Largest immature
Sizes at which 10, 50, and 90% are mature
Estimated age at maturity	2.1 yr (using VBGF with TL = 0.70 m)	1.4-1.9 yr (using VBGF with TL = 0.57-0.65 m)	Yudin and Cailliet 1990; however they reported 1-4 yr for age-at-maturity in abstract?
Gestation time	6 months?
Reproductive cycle	1 year		Cortés (2002)
Litter size (# of pups in litter)	2-5		Yudin and Cailliet 1990;, Cortés (2002)
Birth size estimate	20-30 cm TL		Yudin and Cailliet 1990
Smallest free-swimming	23.5 cm TL		Yudin and Cailliet 1990
First year growth	22.3 cm TL based on VBGF	21.2 cm TL based on VBGF	Yudin and Cailliet 1990
Von Bertalanffy Growth Function (VBGF)	TLoo = 1.424 m, TLo =0. 287 mm (to = - 1.032 yr), k = 0.218 yr-1 (5ln(2)/k = 15.9 yr);	TLoo = 1.018 m, TLo =0. 301mm (to = - 1.002 yr), k = 0.350 yr-1 (5ln(2)/k = 9.9 yr);	Yudin and Cailliet 1990
Elasticity estimates based on alpha = 3.0 yr, Abar = 4.80 yr; Abar/alpha = 1.600.	E(m) = 1/Abar = 1/4.80 = 0.208; E(JS)/E(m) = alpha = 3.0, E(JS) = 0.625; E(AS)/E(m) = Abar- alpha = 1.8, E(AS) = 0.375; Sum Elasticity Ratios = Abar = 4.80 yr; Sum Elasticities = 1 + E(M) = 1.208		Mollet 2003 (AES Manaus) Normalized elasticities: E(fertility) = E(m)  = 17.2 %; E(juvenile survival) = E(JS) = 51.7%; E(adult sruvival) = E(AS) = 31.0%; E(AS)/E(JS) = 0.600. Cortes (2002) using a stochastic calculation reported E(AS)/E(JS) = 47.8%/34.7% = 1.378 which is most unlikely to be correct.
Parameter	Female	Male	References